NURS 241 Health Assessment Validation Notes Essays - Cranial Nerves

NURS 241: Health Assessment Validation Notes Vital sign should be taken for 5 Minutes General Survey Physical Appearance: What is your name? Can you state your age? Do you know where you are? Patient has stated her age Her level of consciousness is alert and oriented x 4 Her skin color is intact and even Her facial features are symmetric She is female Body Structure: Her statue appears appropriate for her age For nutrition, her weight appear to be appropriate for her height and body build Her body structure is symmetric and bilateral to each other Her posture is erect Her position was relaxed on the chair Mobility: Her gait is smooth, even and well balanced She did not use any form of assistive device. Behavior: Her facial expression is appropriate to the situation Her speech is within normal limits; there is no repeating of words or fleet of ideas Her dressing is appropriate for the season Her personal hygiene is clean and well groomed Her mood and affect is pleasant and not flat Cranial Nerve Cranial nerve 1: Olfactory: Sensory: Test of smell Ask the patient to compress one side of the nose at a time and sniff: To check for nasal patency Ask the patient to close their eye Ask the patient to occlude one nostril at a time and ask them what do they smell Cranial Nerve 2: Optic: Sensory: Visual Acuity and Visual fields I have previously tested for my patient's visual acuity using the Snellen Chart It is 20/20 without corrective lenses Testing for visual fields using the confrontational test. Up and Down Cranial Nerve 3: Oculomotor Motor: PERRLA: Extra ocular Movement Going to test for PERRLA. First I would perform the direct and consensual eye movement Performing Accommodation by moving the penlight near. The pupil are equal, round, reactive to light and accommodate Next I would test for cranial nerve 3, 4- which is trochlear and 6- which is Abducens, using the extra ocular movement. Cranial 4- is an inferior medial eye movement Cranial 6- is medial eye movement Perform the corneal light reflex by shining light on the breach of the nose. If there was an abnormality I would person the cover/uncover test. Cranial Nerve 5: Trigeminal: Sensory: Sensation of skin of face: Use a cotton and touch the forehead, checks and chin Motor: Palpate the temporal and masseter muscle Ask the patient to clench their jaw and try to separate it Cranial Nerve 7: Facial Sensory: Put sugar in their mouth and ask what did you taste. Taste on the 2/3 anterior of the tongue Motor: Ask the patient to raise their eyebrows, show their teeth, smile, puff out their checks, close their eye tightly Cranial Nerve 8: Acoustic Sensory: Perform the whisper test. By whispering Samford and Nursing by asking them to occlude their ear and whispering the words Perform the Weber test. Ask the patient if they can hear in both ears. Perform the Rinne test. Air conduction is greater than bone conduction. Cranial Nerve 9: Glossopharyngeal: Sensory: Taste in posterior 1/3 of the tongue Motor: Is testing gag reflex by stimulating the posterior pharyngeal wall. Cranial Nerve 10:Vagus Motor: Open your mouth and say "AH". I will watch the uvula rise and fall symmetrically. Cranial Nerve 11: Spinal Accessory Motor: Shrug should movement against resistance. Shrug your head against resistance Both muscle 5/5 in strength Cranial Nerve 12: Hypoglossal Motor: Ask the patient to protrude their tongue and push their tongue to their checks. Neurological System: Motor/Coordination: I have already assessed the my patient gait in general survey Rapid alternating movement: touching your finger against each other and turning your hand in your thighs Point to Point Movement: finger to nose touching and heel to shin by moving your leg on your other leg Romberg test: put your hand out and your legs together for 20 seconds Tandem Walking: put your leg in front of the other leg Shallow Knee Bend: bend down a little Sensory Pain and light touch: do it on your hand and leg Position sense: pull the hand up and down than ask the patient whether it is up and down. Do it on the hand and leg Vibration Sensation: Use the turning folk vibration place it on the hand and leg and ask where she feels the vibration Discriminative Sensation: Stereognosis: place something in her hand and ask what are you holding Graphesthesia: write a number on her hand and ask what is the number in both arms. 3 and 5 Two point Discrimination: touch a part of the body and ask where you touched. Both the hand and leg Point localization:

Bush vs Kerry essays

Bush vs Kerry essays Bush vs. Kerry The presidential election of 2004 has been one of controversy, disparity and enthusiasm. President George W. Bush is being pushed by his opponent John Kerry in many different ways. President Bushs every move is being countered by Senator Kerry. Last weeks first Presidential debate was just the stepping stone in the difference in opinions between these two Presidential candidates. John Kerry hasnt lightened up at all in his bashing of President Bushs actions regarding the War in Iraq, education and many other pivotal topics. In my eyes President Bush hasnt exactly done a great job in his current term, but I also think that he could have done a much worse job with the cards that he was dealt. With the 9/11 terrorist attacks, weapons of mass destruction and the War on Iraq all happening in one four year term, he hasnt an awful job keeping the country at ease. I will be interested to see how the rest of these Presidential debates fold out. The key to opportunity in our country starts with education. Bush and Kerry will both have to prove to the country that their plans for education are worth while and will help us stay a float. President Bush developed the No Child Left Behind act, which demands accountability in exchange for the record levels of Federal spending now going to K-12 public education. So far I feel that this has been beneficial to Bushs campaign. I like his ideas on education and I feel that with all the people bashing his decisions regarding the War on Iraq that education might become a light in the tunnel for the republican side. Another one of Bushs ideas for education is to ensure that all high school students are better prepared to enter higher education or the workforce. If President Bush is serious about this, then I think that he might really be getting somewhere with it. More of...

Global aging Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Global aging - Essay Example Around 60% of these elderly people live in developing countries, and this figure will rise to 80%. The number of people over 80 will increase from 86 million in 2005 to 394 million in 2050 (United Nations, 2005). The oldest (85 and older) are the quickest growing portion of the population in many countries globally. Also, the oldest old are more likely to live in developed countries. The elderly population is also growing in many developed and developing countries. Almost half of the world’s elderly population lives in China, India, the United States, and former Soviet Union countries. The number of elderly people living alone varies widely. In developed countries, percentages of elderly people living alone range from 9% in Japan to a high 40% in Sweden. In developing countries, such as China, 3% of the elderly live alone, in South Korea 2%, and Pakistan 1%. Today, population aging is a major issue mainly in the industrialized nations of Europe, Asia, and North America. These nations have experienced intense public debate over elder-related issues such as social security costs and health care provisions. In sync with Tischler’s article, Blahous III agrees that areas such as pensions, taxation, etc. will be affected. Blahous III explores how challenged present policy is when it comes to dealing with the issue of global aging. According to him, social security inmost countries are ill-equipped to survive the effects of a global aging population. This lack of preparedness is most likely to impose excessive tax burdens1. In accordance with Tischler’s article, Ahearn (2002) asserts that social security benefits will decrease in order to make pension plans more practical. Similar to Blahous’s view that social policy will be challenged, Ahearn also holds that a global aging population means that there will be need to

Agreements in the Package Holiday Industry and Market Opportunities Essay

Agreements in the Package Holiday Industry and Market Opportunities - Essay Example Package holidays are normally organized and structured by tour operators. These are the individuals or groups of people who put together different holiday elements into one package (Ryan, 1989). They then sell these packages directly to members of the public or indirectly through travel agents. Different holiday packages have different costs, depending on how they are structured. A normal package holiday may include the following: †¢ Accommodation †¢ Flights †¢ Meals †¢ Transfers Other elements of a package holiday can include: in-flight tickets, park tickets, ferry crossings and ski passes. Accommodation is normally offered by hotels or hostels in various tourism destinations. Transport is normally offered either by chartered or scheduled flight services. In the package industry, meals are normally offered on a board basis. This means that the tourist is offered meals depending on the type of board he takes up. Different types of board offered by package tour services include: †¢ Room only where there are no meals available †¢ Bed and breakfast where only breakfast is provided †¢ Half board where breakfast and an evening meal are the only meals provided †¢ Full board where the tourists can get three meals in a day: breakfast, lunch and an evening meal †¢ All or fully inclusive which normally includes three meals a day, soft drinks, snacks and locally available alcoholic drinks.

Obessive compulsive Disorder- and how it affects daily life Research Paper

Obessive compulsive Disorder- and how it affects daily life - Research Paper Example OCD is a disorder of anxiety, characterized by unwanted, uncontrollable thoughts, and ritualized, repetitive behavior that makes the affected person to feel as if they cannot perform. A person with such symptoms also feels that he cannot break free or resist from them. Like a needle that is stuck on old records, OCD sticks the brain to a particular urge or thought (National Institute for Mental Health 231). For example, Joe, an accountant in a certain firm keeps looking at clients books, now and then, because he fears that he might have missed something or done a mathematical error. Consequently, this has lowered his productivity so much that the management has issued him with warnings severally, but he just can’t avoid it. OCD is a disease that cripples both physically and mentally. Though there are no physical signs, it eats in every wake moment but many people suffer alone and in silence, as they are ashamed to share it with anyone, but its effects on the victim’s bo dy are normally unbearable. Millions of people are affected on their daily basis as they struggle to carry out their daily tasks that many of us take for granted. Imagine a person arriving at his work place and immediately start worrying that he may not have locked the doors or windows. This person may be forced to go back home now and again to ensure that everything is okay. This then affects their work productivity besides fatigue. Differences between Obsessions and Compulsions Obsessions are uncontrollable involuntary thoughts, impulses or images that occur again and again in our minds. No matter how much you don’t want to have such thoughts or ideas because you know very well that they don’t make sense, you just can’t stop them. Unfortunately, they are distracting and disturbing. On the other hand, compulsions are rituals or behavior that drives someone into do something now and then. These are mainly done in an attempt to do away with obsessions. For exampl e, someone who fears contamination may develop cleaning rituals that are very elaborate. However, the relief does not last because the obsessive thoughts always come back. Compulsive behavior normally causes anxiety as they become more time consuming and demanding. People with OCD are grouped into several categories. These are; washers, who fear contamination and therefore develops hand-washing or cleaning compulsions. Checkers keep checking at things they associate with danger or harm. Sinners and doubters are usually afraid that if something is not perfectly done, something bad might happen, whiles arrangers and counters are symmetry obsessed that develop superstitions about certain arrangements, colors or numbers. Hoarders are obsessed by fear of something bad happening if they throw away anything. Therefore, they hoard things they neither use nor need. Causes of OCD Scientists and doctors have not yet discovered what really causes OCD. However, recent research has explained bett er OCD understanding together with its potential causes. Experts believe that OCD is related to serotin levels, a normal brain chemical. Blockage of serotin’s normal flow the alarm system of the brain misinterprets and overreacts to this information. Messages of danger are triggered mistakenly by such false alarms making the brain to dwell on them, instead of instead of filtering them out. This makes the person to experience doubt and fear that is unrealistic. OCD is caused by strong worry or anxiety that acts like an alarm

Saudi Women Essay -- Saudi Arabia

Abstract Saudi Arabia is one of the few countries that set specific laws regarding women only. A woman is considered to be a second class citizen who must depend on a male relative in all situations. Until recently, women did not have their own identification cards separate from those of their fathers' or husbands'. Women were also limited to certain levels of education such as elementary or secondary school levels. More than that, they were restricted to limited job opportunities. The laws also prohibit a woman from driving a car regardless of her age or whatever situation she may face. She must be driven by a man. This system worked well in the early days of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia when it became a nation in 1932, but it causes major difficulties and constraints in today's world. For example, a woman having her identification card connected to her husband's makes it hard for her in cases of traveling or performing businesses. Moreover, it is not always easy for a woman to find someone who can give her a ride, especially if she is working in a job. Furthermore, not all families can afford hiring a driver. Because these rules set for Saudi women resulted in major restrictions, the Saudi government is considering improving them. Although the Saudi government is working on granting women some of their rights in the Saudi society, many people still argue that the situation in Saudi Arabia is static. The following essay discusses the progress of women's issues in the kingdom. IDENTIFICATION CARDS There has been much progress in women's rights in Saudi Arabia in the last few years. One of the most important events in the year 2001 was issuing women identity cards. Before that, Saudi women were listed on the papers of a male... ...le consider that not the government. 4) Do you think Saudi men and women are treated equally? Give a reason to support you’re answer. No they are not treated equally. Women cant do anything without a man!! 5) Do you think Saudi Arabia has evolved regarding women? Yes 6) What do you think of Saudi Arabia’s education for women? is it developing? It used to be bad but now its developing rapidly. 7) Do you think women should drive in Saudi? And list why? Some times driving is necessary like driving to the emergency moreover a lot of people cant afford drivers. 8) Are there enough job opportunity for women in Saudi? Yes. 9) Do you think women should only be house wifes? No 10) Do you think that Saudi’s development regarding women is slow?why? Yes, buts its getting faster by time. It is slow because people in Saudi Arabia do not accept change quickly.

Bronte, the play

Bronte, the play, is a recent work, with one of its very first productions being staged at the Oxford Playhouse. The idea of it was to provide the audience with an insight into the lives of the three Bronte sisters, Emily, Charlotte and Anne. They of course wrote books themselves, including Wuthering Heights and Jane Eyre. Renowned of course for being secluded, they wrote at a time when women writers were scorned by publishers; their only way of expressing themselves was indeed through their work. However, whilst the play was written by Polly Teale so that it showed the hardship that the sisters each had to endure in order to have their work published, I will be seeing whether the performers helped this any further. Right from the very start, we as an audience were given a different view on the actual play. The three sisters were in fact standing on stage in normal modern day clothinhg. They said at this point that they did not want the audience to believe this as a real play, and that they were just playing the Brontes- and in doing so showing the audience very similar to what their life may have been like. This I believe was extremely effective, as it was interesting. It was interesting because it allowed the audience to genuinely watch the play almost like a critic and see the ways in which the actors and actresses depicted the lives of the Brontes and of those around them. The most noticeable connection between the actresses was, I thought, how close they actually appeared as sisters. This was especially well done as for most of the play when one was in a scene, the other two would almost certainly be there. They were indeed united on all fronts, such as the way in which they tried to stand up to their father. Also, there seemed to be an informal pecking order within the sisters. Diane Beck and Fenella Woolgar, playing Emily and Charlotte respectively, seemed to be vying for the dominance, whilst Anne (Catherine Cusack) was very much the ‘other' sister. Woolgar and Beck were excellent in highlighting this. Later on we will see this rivalry between the sisters in their writing. However, this bond showed that whilst they undoubtedly loved and cared for their father very much, their bond was simply too tight. This was effective; and this was due to the actresses. You can read also Analysis of Literary Devices of Jane Eyre All of the actresses here created this in their own ways; Beck did so by trying convey her Emily as the leader of the pack- Woolgar did the same also and as well as this tried, and succeeded in creating a rivalry between the two of them. Cusack's Anne. However this bond was not shared with their brother Bramwell. Both he and his sisters felt that the other side had wasted their lives. Bramwell felt that his sisters had no life, confined to the house, and the sisters felt on the other hand that Bramwell was shallow, as his life consisted of little more than drink. This tension reared its head finally in one scene in particular. This was where he pinned Emily down on the floor and taunted her of the fact that she was still a virgin. This was extremely well done as at a couple of points during the scene, the audience were unsure as to whether Bramwell was actually about to rape his own sister. The other sisters were of course torn between stepping and protecting Emily, as possibly getting roughed up themselves, or simply standing by and watching Bramwell. We can see this emotion on the stage as the sisters deliberate what to do; such was the quality of the acting that was portrayed by their bond. Yet, it is interesting to note that Charlotte was in fact the more reluctant of the two other sisters to in fact go and aid Emily- this added further spice to the plot. Also, however, Emily translated this pain through her own writing into her books. She believed that this helped to channel her anger, and therefore by doing this she showed that she was indeed feeling better. This reflected itself onto the audience, and their own particular feelings regarding the attack. The most important character in the play except for the sisters is undoubtedly Bertha. Although not an actual person in the play, she represented the feelings and anxieties of all of the sisters within the play. One prominent part was straight after the sex attack where Bertha was mirroring the anxieties of Emily. Bertha called out ‘He beat me, he beat me like a dog'. She cried in a moaning voice too. The actress playing Bertha was perhaps the most accomplished, despite being just 20. She played ‘Ellie' in About a Boy also. Her experience shone through as well; she was not afraid to moan, and to move fluidly like a snake as she did, and this was good as this contradicted the rest of the play. It added a sense of realism, as we were truly allowed to see into the deep thoughts of both Emily and of Charlotte. Another important part with this ‘character' was at the very end of the play. At this part, she throws feathers everywhere across. Throughout the play at certain she had thrown small handfuls on stage. However, it seemed as thought at the end she was letting all of her emotion and stress out on stage, as though she had finally exploded with anger. It appeared as though she had literally gone mad also. The actress here was extremely effective, not only because her actual action was so random, but also because the way which she so carelessly threw away the feathers was good as it showed that she also seemed to know not what she was doing, just like Charlotte or Emily letting the ink ooze from their pen onto the page. Thus in conclusion it could be said that whilst the play of Bronte itself was indeed extremely thought-provoking and even gain an entertaining into the lives of the Bronte sisters, it was undoubtedly the performers who made this possible, through their own separate ways. The skills required needed to be of the highest quality. The performers had this; and thus made the production effective.